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Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is an antimetabolite medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer. [4] [5] In sickle-cell disease it increases fetal hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4]
Normocytic anemia is a type of anemia and is a common issue that occurs for men and women typically over 85 years old. Its prevalence increases with age, reaching 44 percent in men older than 85 years. [1]
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
ESAs are used to maintain hemoglobin at the lowest level that both minimizes transfusions and best meets a person's needs. [8] Medical speciality professional organizations do not recommend the use of ESAs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have hemoglobin levels greater than 10 g/dL and do not have anemia symptoms.
Beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is an autosomal dominant blood condition that results in the reduction of hemoglobin production. The cause for the disorder is related to a genetic mutation of the HBB gene. This gene is responsible for providing the instructions to produce beta-globin; one of the major components of hemoglobin.
Since drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia often occurs due to oxidative mechanisms, it is commonly seen in those with antioxidant enzyme deficiencies such as in Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or Hemoglobin H disease, often in response to drugs such as primaquine or dapsone. [2]
The most common treatments are medications and surgery to repair the damaged blood vessels in your brain. Valvular heart disease. Heart valve problems may be treated with medications or surgery.
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]