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The First French Empire [4] [a] or French Empire (French: Empire français; Latin: Imperium Francicum) and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
The Old French pound (French: livre) was 1.07916 English pounds, making the weight of shot about 8.633 English pounds (or 8 lb 10 oz). The 8-pounder was the medium weight cannon of the French field artillery; the others were the light Canon de 4 Gribeauval and the heavy Canon de 12 Gribeauval .
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control. [ 8 ]
As such it was the most prestigious formation in Napoleon's Grande Armée. [1] [2] French soldiers often referred to Napoleon's Old Guard as "the Immortals". [3] [4] Famously devoted to the Emperor, [5] who even referred to them as "my children"; [6] the members of his Old Guard were selected based on physical traits, most notably above-average ...
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the colonial empire of France was the second-largest in the world behind the British Empire. At its height in the 1920s and 1930s, including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 13,500,000 km 2 (5,200,000 sq mi) at the time, which represented 10% of the Earth's total land ...
Constituent Kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire 951–1806 (although its states became autonomous in 1176 and for most practical purposes it ceased to exist far earlier than 1806) 1805 – 1814: In 1805 Napoleon crowned himself King of Italy and subsequently created a client-kingdom in north-eastern Italy. Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) – 1812
Location of the Kingdom of Westphalia within the Confederation of the Rhine in 1808. The Kingdom of Westphalia was created by Napoleon in 1807 by merging territories ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia in the Peace of Tilsit, among them the region of the Duchy of Magdeburg west of the Elbe river, the Brunswick-Lüneburg territories of Hanover and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and the Electorate of Hesse.