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At its height in 1812, the French Empire had 130 departments, a population over 44 million people, ruled over 90 million subjects throughout Europe and in the overseas colonies, maintained an extensive military presence in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland, and counted Austria and Prussia as nominal allies. [4]
Napoleon led a new army during the campaign in Germany in 1813, the defense of France in 1814, and the Waterloo campaign in 1815, but the Grande Armée would never regain its height of June 1812, and France would find itself invaded on multiple fronts from the Spanish border to the German border. In total, from 1805 to 1813, over 2.1 million ...
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Europe at the height of Napoleon's power in 1812. The French Empire is shown in Purple, with vassal or client states in blue. Piedmont, constituting all the Kingdom of Sardinia's territory on the European continent (1802); The Ligurian Republic (formerly the Republic of Genoa) (1805); The Kingdom of Etruria and the Duchy of Parma (1808);
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution , the first being the National Assembly , the second being the Legislative Assembly , and the third being the French Directory .
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the colonial empire of France was the second-largest in the world behind the British Empire. At its height in the 1920s and 1930s, including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 13,500,000 km 2 (5,200,000 sq mi) at the time, which represented 10% of the Earth's total land ...
In French history, Austerlitz is acknowledged as an impressive military victory, and in the 19th century, when fascination with the First French Empire was at its height, the battle was revered by French authors such as Victor Hugo, who wrote of the "sound of heavy cannons rolling towards Austerlitz" echoing in the "depths of [his] thoughts". [96]
Constituent Kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire 951–1806 (although its states became autonomous in 1176 and for most practical purposes it ceased to exist far earlier than 1806) 1805 – 1814: In 1805 Napoleon crowned himself King of Italy and subsequently created a client-kingdom in north-eastern Italy. Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) – 1812