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There are a number of uncertainties and disputed issues in the early history of Islam. [a] Most of these disputes can be traced to Shi'a-Sunni disagreements. Shi'a often argue that history has been distorted to further a Banu Umayyad agenda. [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 December 2024. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The Muslims were to be allowed to return the next year, to perform the pilgrimage. [65] The next year, in Dhu al-Qa'dah 7 AH, Muhammad returned to perform the 'umrah with 2,000 men, and some women and children. [66] The Muslims performed the pilgrimage with their swords sheathed and were watched by the Quraysh from the peak of the Qaiqan mountain.
There were three main groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of great merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it; and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners. [10] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq; 6 First Muslim Martyr/first Muslim to be killed: Sumayyah bint Khabbab: 615 [11] [9]
Pages in category "Battles of pre-Islamic Arabia" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. B.
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia is a two-volume encyclopedia covering the military and political history of Islam, edited by Alexander Mikaberidze and published in 2011. The encyclopedia contains more than 600 entries from dozens of contributors, as well as a glossary, maps and photographs. [1]
The new non-Muslim subjects were protected by the state and known as dhimmi (protected), and were to pay a special tax, the jizya (tribute), which was calculated at varying individual rates, usually two dirhams for able-bodied men of military age, in return for exemption from military service. Women and children were exempted from the jizya. [61]