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They stressed that the national debt created by the new government would bankrupt the country, and that federal bondholders were paid through taxes collected from honest farmers and workingmen. These themes resonated with the Anti-Federalists, the opposition to the Federalist movement of the 1780s.
Catholics in Maryland were generally Federalists. [38] The Federalists derided democracy as equivalent to mob rule and believed that government should be guided by the political and economic elite. [39] Many Federalists saw themselves less as a political party than as a collection of the elite who were the rightful leaders of the country. [40]
Many Federalists also created space for women to have a significant political role, which was not evident on the Democratic-Republican side. [89] The Federalists were dominated by businessmen and merchants in the major cities who supported a strong national government.
& A. McLean announced that they would publish the first 36 of the essays in a single volume. This volume, titled The Federalist, was released on March 2, 1788. George Hopkins' 1802 edition revealed that Madison, Hamilton, and Jay were the authors of the series, with two later printings dividing the work by author.
The First Party System was the political party system in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. [1] It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the ...
Federalism differs from confederalism, where the central government is created subordinate to the regional states—and is notable for its regional-separation of governing powers, (e.g., the Articles of Confederation as the general level of government of the original Thirteen Colonies; and, later in the United States, the Confederate States of ...
Eventually 12 states were represented, with Rhode Island refusing to participate. Of the 74 delegates appointed by the states, 55 attended. [6] The delegates were generally convinced that an effective central government with a wide range of enforceable powers must replace the weaker Congress established by the Articles of Confederation.
Federalists were strongest in eastern, urban counties, while Anti-Federalists tended to be stronger in rural areas. [113] Each faction engaged in a spirited public campaign to shape the ratification debate, though the Federalists tended to be better financed and organized.