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Snapping scapula syndrome, also known as scapulocostal syndrome or scapulothoracic syndrome, is described by a "grating, grinding, popping or snapping sensation of the scapula onto the back side of the ribs or thoracic area of the spine" (Hauser). Disruption of the normal scapulothoracic mechanics causes this problem.
The scapulocostal joint (also known as the scapulothoracic joint) is a physiological joint formed by an articulation of the anterior scapula and the posterior thoracic rib cage. It is musculotendinous in nature and is formed predominantly by the trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior muscles. The pectoralis minor also plays a role in its ...
CT scan showing Sprengel's deformity of the left side (arrow) and fused cervical vertebrae, as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome. The scapula is small and rotated so that its inferior edge points toward the spine. Sometimes a bony connection is present between the elevated scapula and one of the cervical vertebrae, usually C5 or C6.
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also called cleidocranial dysplasia, is a birth defect that mostly affects the bones and teeth. [1] The collarbones are typically either poorly developed or absent, which allows the shoulders to be brought close together. [1]
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name, FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face, those that position the scapula, and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
Spondylocostal dysostosis, also known as Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS), is a rare, heritable axial skeleton growth disorder. It is characterized by widespread and sometimes severe malformations of the vertebral column and ribs , shortened thorax , and moderate to severe scoliosis and kyphosis .
Mild cerebellar syndrome, dysarthria SCA25: 1.5–39 yrs Unknown ataxia with sensory neuropathy, vomiting and gastrointestinal pain. 2p SCA27 [25] (FGF14 [24]) 15–20 yrs Unknown ataxia with poor cognition, dyskinesias and tremor. FGF14 13q34 SCA35: 40–48 years Unknown
Because of the bone denseness, those with the syndrome suffer from fractures. [7] Those with the syndrome have brittle bones which easily break, especially in the legs and feet. Other abnormalities involve the head and face, teeth, collar bones, skin, and nails. The front and back of the head are prominent.