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The excavation of the underground aqueduct of Megara revealed that a reservoir was coated with a pozzolanic mortar 12 mm thick. This aqueduct dates back to c. 500 BC. [9] Pozzolanic mortar is a lime based mortar, but is made with an additive of volcanic ash that allows it to be hardened underwater; thus it is known as hydraulic cement.
An FRCM system can be constituted by a single textile or by several textiles embedded in a single thickness of mortar. [5] The matrix (or mortar), cementitious, airborne, hydraulic, bastard or based on natural lime, is reinforced with fibers made by: [11] [12] [13] high tensile steel (UHTSS – Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel); basalt;
Oppositely, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones. [1] If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry [2] one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s).
Ferrocement or ferro-cement [1] is a system of construction using reinforced mortar [2] or plaster (lime or cement, sand, and water) applied over an "armature" of metal mesh, woven, expanded metal, or metal-fibers, and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The metal commonly used is iron or some type of steel, and the mesh is made with ...
Quarry tile is a building material, usually 1 ⁄ 2 to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (13 to 19 mm) thick, made by either the extrusion process or more commonly by press forming and firing natural clay or shales. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Quarry tile is manufactured from clay in a manner similar to bricks . [ 3 ]
A wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.
Some mortar joint styles. In masonry, mortar joints are the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout.If the surface of the masonry remains unplastered, the joints contribute significantly to the appearance of the masonry. [1]
The thick bed mortar method has been around for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Historically, a sand/cement mixture was mixed with water to a fairly dry consistency and was spread on either a portland cement water paste (neat cement), or over cement powder spread on the surface which is then sprayed with water to create a slurry coat and spread over the surface. [1]