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Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a protein which acts as a fluorophore, fluorescing red-orange when excited. The original variant occurs naturally in the coral genus Discosoma, and is named DsRed. Several new variants have been developed using directed mutagenesis [1] which fluoresce orange, red, and far-red. [2]
IFP2.0-hGem(1/110) fluorescence is shown in green and highlights the S/G 2 /M phases. smURFP-hCdtI(30/120) fluorescence is shown in red and highlights the G 0 /G 1 phases. Small ultra red fluorescent protein (smURFP) is a class of far-red fluorescent protein evolved from a cyanobacterial (Trichodesmium erythraeum) phycobiliprotein, α ...
mCherry is a member of the mFruits family of monomeric red fluorescent proteins (mRFPs). As an RFP, mCherry was derived from DsRed of Discosoma sea anemones, unlike green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) which are often derived from Aequorea victoria jellyfish. [1]
Rubies, emeralds, and diamonds exhibit red fluorescence under long-wave UV, blue and sometimes green light; diamonds also emit light under X-ray radiation. Fluorescence in minerals is caused by a wide range of activators. In some cases, the concentration of the activator must be restricted to below a certain level, to prevent quenching of the ...
The red fluorescence is from the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll fluorescence is light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states. It is used as an indicator of photosynthetic energy conversion in plants, algae and bacteria.
There are many rhodamine derivatives used for imaging purposes, for example Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), [6] tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) and its isothiocyanate derivative (TRITC) and sulforhodamine 101 (and its sulfonyl chloride form Texas Red) and Rhodamine Red.
Texas Red or sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride is a red fluorescent dye, used in histology for staining cell specimens, for sorting cells with fluorescent-activated cell sorting machines, in fluorescence microscopy applications, and in immunohistochemistry. [1] [2] Texas Red fluoresces at about 615 nm, and the peak of its absorption spectrum is ...
Fluorescence of different substances under UV light. Green is a fluorescein, red is Rhodamine B, yellow is Rhodamine 6G, blue is quinine, purple is a mixture of quinine and rhodamine 6g. Solutions are about 0.001% concentration in water. Fluorophore molecules could be either utilized alone, or serve as a fluorescent motif of a functional system.