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Rust fungi grow intracellularly, and make spore-producing fruiting bodies within or, more often, on the surfaces of affected plant parts. [3] Some rust species form perennial systemic infections that may cause plant deformities such as growth retardation, witch's broom, stem canker, galls, or hypertrophy of affected plant parts.
Metal toxicity or metal poisoning is the toxic effect of certain metals in certain forms and doses on life.Some metals are toxic when they form poisonous soluble compounds. . Certain metals have no biological role, i.e. are not essential minerals, or are toxic when in a certain for
Smog is a serious problem in many cities and continues to harm human health. [30] [31] Ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide are especially harmful for senior citizens, children, and people with heart and lung conditions such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. [14]
Metal fume fever, also known as brass founders' ague, brass shakes, [1] zinc shakes, galvie flu, galvo poisoning, metal dust fever, welding shivers, or Monday morning fever, [2] is an illness primarily caused by exposure to chemicals such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), or magnesium oxide (MgO) which are produced as byproducts in the fumes that result when certain metals are ...
The term immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples include smoke or other ...
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin R48/20/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed R48/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed R48/20/21/22
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Rust scale forming and flaking off from a steel bar heated to its forging temperature of 1200°C. Rapid oxidation occurs when heated steel is exposed to air. Rust is a general name for a complex of oxides and hydroxides of iron, [4] which occur when iron or some alloys that contain iron are exposed to oxygen and moisture for a long period of ...