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Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar, whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah, and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). [2] [b] The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year.
Hijrah is a romanization of the Arabic word هجرة 'to depart to', 'to migrate to' or 'to move away from'. [1] [2] The first stem of the verbal root H-J-R, hajara, means 'to cut off someone from friendly association; to avoid association with'; the third stem, hājara, means 'a mutual termination of friendly relations by leaving or departing'.
This is a list of Hijri years (Latin: anno Hegirae or AH) with the corresponding common era years where applicable. For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given.
A day in the Islamic calendar is defined as beginning at sunset. For example, 1 Muharram 1432 was defined to correspond to 7 or 8 December 2010 in civil calendars (depending on the country).
The term Hijri calendar has more than one meaning. There are three calendars that have the Hijrah as their epoch. In most Islamic countries The Islamic calendar, the lunar Hijri calendar based on actual lunar observation. It does not take account of the seasons The Tabular Islamic calendar, a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar. It has ...
Hijrah (also Hejira or Hegira), the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE; Migration to Abyssinia or First Hegira, of Muhammad's followers in 615 CE; Lunar Hijri calendar (widely known as "the Islamic calendar", although there is more than one Islamic calendar), the lunar calendar used by the majority of Muslims
The calendar's epoch (first year) corresponds to the Hijrah in 622 CE, which is the same as the epoch of the Lunar Hijri calendar but as it is a solar calendar, the two calendars' year numbers do not coincide with each other and are slowly drifting apart, being about 43 years apart as of 2023.