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Marine conservationists rely on a combination of scientific principles derived from marine biology, Ecology, oceanography, and fisheries science, as well as on human factors, such as demand for marine resources, maritime law, economics, and policy, in order to determine how to best protect and conserve marine species and ecosystems.
The Cartagena Convention was the product of the first Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, held in Cartagena, Colombia, between 21 and 24 March 1983. The Convention and its first protocol, the Oil Spills protocol, were concurrently adopted on 24 March 1983 in ...
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. All US states have their own state-level departments of environmental protection, [ 66 ] which may issue regulations more stringent than the federal ones.
There is a movement in conservation biology suggesting a new form of leadership is needed to mobilize conservation biology into a more effective discipline that is able to communicate the full scope of the problem to society at large. [82] The movement proposes an adaptive leadership approach that parallels an adaptive management approach. The ...
The United Nations Environment Programme supports the Greater Caribbean through its Regional Seas initiative, [4] but studies have pointed to the shortage of marine protected areas and marine reserves in the region as particularly detrimental to shark conservation, [5] an issue also addressed globally though the Memorandum of Understanding on ...
Milford Sound, New Zealand is a strict marine reserve (Category Ia).. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a protected area as: [12] [13]. A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
Originally named the Caribbean Marine Biological Institute (CARMABI), the station was founded in 1955 at the bay's open end. Its work centered on research in the field of ecology —fisheries. As the bay front has extensive coral reefs, research in the field of coral reef science was initiated in 1969.
Reefs provide coastal protection through erosion control and shoreline stabilization, and modify the physical landscape by ecosystem engineering, thereby providing habitat for species by facilitative interactions with other habitats such as tidal flat benthic communities, seagrasses and marshes.