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While the term chemical substance is a precise technical term that is synonymous with chemical for chemists, the word chemical is used in general usage to refer to both (pure) chemical substances and mixtures (often called compounds), [14] and especially when produced or purified in a laboratory or an industrial process.
A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or a solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, [1] a scientific process of separating two or more substances in order to obtain purity. At least one product mixture from the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture's constituents.
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
Any substance consisting of two or more different types of atoms (chemical elements) in a fixed stoichiometric proportion can be termed a chemical compound; the concept is most readily understood when considering pure chemical substances. [10]: 15 [11] [12] It follows from their being composed of fixed proportions of two or more types of atoms ...
mixtures have variable compositions, while compounds have a fixed, definite formula. when mixed, individual substances keep their properties in a mixture, while if they form a compound their properties can change. [10] The following table shows the main properties and examples for all possible phase combinations of the three "families" of ...
An ideal mixture is any in which the arithmetic mean (with respect to mole fraction) of the two pure substances is the same as that of the final mixture. Among other important thermodynamic simplifications, this means that enthalpy of mixing is zero: Δ H m i x , i d e a l = 0 {\displaystyle \Delta H_{mix,ideal}=0} .
Miscibility (/ ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ b ɪ l ɪ t i /) is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution). Such substances are said to be miscible (etymologically equivalent to the common term "mixable").
Some mixtures will readily form solid solutions over a range of concentrations, while other mixtures will not form solid solutions at all. The propensity for any two substances to form a solid solution is a complicated matter involving the chemical, crystallographic, and quantum properties of the substances in