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Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics. As the name suggests, microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication ) of very small electronic designs and components. Usually, but not always, this means micrometre-scale or smaller.
Micromachining, semiconductor processing, microelectronic fabrication, semiconductor fabrication, MEMS fabrication and integrated circuit technology are terms used instead of microfabrication, but microfabrication is the broad general term.
The semiconductor industry is the aggregate of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductors and semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. Its roots can be traced to the invention of the transistor by Shockley , Brattain , and Bardeen at Bell Labs in 1948.
Nanoelectronics refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant, also called a fab or a foundry, is a factory where integrated circuits (ICs) are manufactured. [1]The cleanroom is where all fabrication takes place and contains the machinery for integrated circuit production such as steppers and/or scanners for photolithography, etching, cleaning, and doping.
The electric power industry began in the 19th century, which led to the development of inventions such as gramaphones, radio transmitters and receivers, and television.The vacuum tube was used for early electronic devices, before later being largely supplanted by semiconductor components as the fundamental technology of the industry.
The electronics industry consists of various sectors. The central driving force behind the entire electronics industry is the semiconductor industry sector, [34] which has annual sales of over $481 billion as of 2018. [35] The largest industry sector is e-commerce, which generated over $29 trillion in 2017. [36]
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline ... Microelectronics engineering deals with the design and microfabrication of very small ... Energy Industry ...