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Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa) Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) (? not US/CAN) Apple flat apple genus Nepovirus, Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) Apple mosaic genus Ilarvirus, Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) genus Ilarvirus, Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) Apple stem grooving = Apple decline of Virginia crab genus Capillovirus, Apple stem grooving virus ...
The diagnosis of a P. cactorum infection of trees, is based on the identification of symptoms, in particular the oozing cankers, and confirmation of symptoms in a diagnosis lab or utilization of a field ELISA detection kit. [3] P. cactorum can be a major problem in apple orchards, as it can cause crown, collar, and root rots in apple trees.
On the apple tree, the infections occur on leaves, fruit and young twigs. [4] The brightly colored spots produced on the leaves make it easy to identify. Small, yellow-orange spots appear on the upper surfaces of the leaves, anytime from April to June. [5] These spots gradually enlarge and turn orange or red and may show concentric rings of color.
Apple trees are susceptible to many diseases, and because pruning involves leaving open wounds from branch cuts, it's best to do so when the trees are dormant, says Ferguson.
Penicillium expansum produces the mycotoxin patulin, a neurotoxin that can enter the food supply via apples and apple products such as juice and cider. [19] Considering the size of the apple product industry and the large number of people that may come into contact with infected fruits, control of P. expansum is vitally important. [20]
Furthermore, in plum trees, ApMV can cause line-pattern symptoms, while in roses, the symptoms are mosaic. [7] However, the most common host, the apple tree, tends to produce pale yellow irregular spots or bands along the major veins on the leaves as they expand in the spring. [1]
In southern Germany apple and pear trees have been a part of the landscape for a long time, and are difficult to protect. The decline of apple and pear trees from their landscape can be expensive to replace and could have a negative effect on tourism. In the long-run, fire blight is a very important factor of economy and society. [citation needed]
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