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The wine is then kept warm and the remaining sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The next process in the making of red wine is malolactic conversion, a bacterial process which converts "crisp, green apple" malic acid to "soft, creamy" lactic acid, softening the taste of the wine.
The wine can then be siphoned or "racked" off the compact solids into a new container. [3] But this process may take many months, or even years, as well as several rackings, in order to produce a perfectly clear wine. Producers can accelerate the process by using fining agents, filtration and/or flotation. [1]
Red wines sometimes undergo fining, which is designed to clarify the wine and sometimes to correct faults such as excess tannin. Fining agents include egg white and gelatin. Some red wines, particularly those designed for early drinking, are cold stabilized so as to prevent the precipitation of unsightly tartrate crystals in the bottle.
The biochemical process of fermentation itself creates a lot of residual heat which can take the must out of the ideal temperature range for the wine. Typically, white wine is fermented between 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) though a wine maker may choose to use a higher temperature to bring out some of the complexity of the wine.
A winemaker running a paper chromatography test to determine whether a wine has completed malolactic fermentation. Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid.
All production methods for sparkling wines have one thing in common: the purpose of introducing enough carbon dioxide in the wine to make it effervescent. Champagne bottles in racks in underground cellars. Sparkling wine production is the method of winemaking used to produce sparkling wine.
A process of adding carbonic gas to a wine just before bottling in order to add some slight effervescence to the wine. Spinning cone column Used to reduce the amount of alcohol in a wine. Stabilization The process of decreasing the volatility of a wine by removing particles that may cause unwanted chemical changes after the wine has been bottled.
In red wine production the timing of when to press is one of the most important decisions in the wine making process since that will be the moment that maceration and phenolic extraction ceases. Some winemakers use the decreasing sugar level (such as brix measurement) scale and press once the wine has reached complete dryness. Often winemakers ...