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  2. Explanatory style - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_style

    Some research has suggested a pessimistic explanatory style may be correlated with depression [3] and physical illness. [4] The concept of explanatory style encompasses a wide range of possible responses to both positive and negative occurrences, rather than a black-white difference between optimism and pessimism.

  3. Pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessimism

    A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of ...

  4. Is the glass half empty or half full? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_the_glass_half_empty_or...

    Josiah Stamp is often given credit for introducing it in a 1935 speech, but although he did help to popularize it, a variant regarding a car's gas tank occurs in print with the optimism/pessimism connotations as early as 1929, and the glass-with-water version is mentioned simply as an intellectual paradox about the quantity of water (without ...

  5. American Invitational Mathematics Examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Invitational...

    The competition consists of 15 questions of increasing difficulty, where each answer is an integer between 000 and 999 inclusive. Thus the competition effectively removes the element of chance afforded by a multiple-choice test while preserving the ease of automated grading; answers are entered onto an OMR sheet, similar to the way grid-in math questions are answered on the SAT.

  6. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    Pessimistic sentiments can be found throughout religions and in the works of various philosophers. The major developments in the tradition started with the works of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who was the first to provide an explanation for why there is so much misery in the world and construct a complete philosophical system in ...

  7. The optimism over US banks is about to be put to the test - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/optimism-over-us-banks-put...

    Investors ended 2024 brimming with optimism about US banks. What happens during the start of earnings season this week will put that optimism to a new test in 2025.

  8. Learned optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_optimism

    A learned optimism test (developed by Seligman) is used to determine an individual's base level of optimism. Being in the more pessimistic categories means that learning optimism has a chance of preventing depression, helping the person achieve more, and improve physical health.

  9. Defensive pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_pessimism

    Defensive pessimism is a cognitive strategy in which an individual sets a low expectation for their performance, regardless of how well they have done in the past. . Individuals use defensive pessimism as a strategy to prepare for anxiety-provoking events or per