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In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, radix, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number x is written as , while the n th root of x is written as . It is also used for other meanings in more advanced mathematics, such as the radical of an ideal. In linguistics ...
√ (square-root symbol) Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. Rarely used in modern mathematics without a horizontal bar delimiting the width of its argument (see the next item). For example, √2. √ (radical symbol) 1. Denotes square root and is read as the square root of.
The square root of a positive integer is the product of the roots of its prime factors, because the square root of a product is the product of the square roots of the factors. Since p 2 k = p k , {\textstyle {\sqrt {p^{2k}}}=p^{k},} only roots of those primes having an odd power in the factorization are necessary.
A square root of a number x is a number r which, when squared, becomes x: =. Every positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the two square roots of 25 are 5 and −5. The positive square root is also known as the principal square root, and is denoted with a radical sign:
greek beta symbol u+03d1: ϑ: greek theta symbol u+03d2: ϒ: greek upsilon with hook symbol u+03d5: ϕ: greek phi symbol u+03f0: ϰ: greek kappa symbol u+03f1: ϱ: greek rho symbol u+03f4: ϴ: greek capital theta symbol u+03f5: ϵ: greek lunate epsilon symbol u+03f6 ϶ greek reversed lunate epsilon symbol
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
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radical symbol (for square root) 1637 (with the vinculum above the radicand) René Descartes (La Géométrie) % percent sign: 1650 (approx.) unknown