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Italy had declared war on the United Kingdom and France on June 10, 1940, as Mussolini implemented the Pact of Steel and tried to use the German alliance to win advantages for Italy. [4] Prior to Hitler's declaration of war against America there was little, if any, doubt that Italy would once again "follow Germany's lead." [5]
The Fascisti, led by one of Mussolini's close confidants, Dino Grandi, formed armed squads of war veterans called blackshirts (or squadristi) with the goal of restoring order to the streets of Italy with a strong hand. The blackshirts clashed with communists, socialists, and anarchists at parades and demonstrations; all of these factions were ...
The American Major General Walter Bedell Smith was appointed as Eisenhower's Chief of Staff. [18] The overall Naval Force Commander was the British Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham. The Allied land forces were from the American, British and Canadian armies, and were structured as two task forces.
The Axis Powers of World War II was established with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in 1940 and pursued a strongly militarist and nationalist ideology; with a policy of anti-communism. During the early phase of the war, puppet governments were established in their occupied nations. When the war ended, many of them faced trials for war crimes.
Italian Americans were very helpful in the planning and execution of the invasion of Sicily.The Mafia was involved in assisting the U.S. war efforts. [13] Luciano's associates found numerous Sicilians to help the Naval Intelligence draw maps of the harbors of Sicily and dig up old snapshots of the coastline.
The Allied invasion of Sicily and growing discontent within Italy forced Benito Mussolini's government to consider peace. In July 1943, King Victor Emmanuel III had Mussolini arrested, and Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over as prime minister. Secret negotiations were soon opened between the Italian government and the Allies.
US-allied victory - The American Revolution started as a civil war within the British Empire. [nb 1] It became a larger international war in 1778 once France joined. [nb 2] Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America and the Thirteen Colonies. President of the Continental Congress in American ...
Czechoslovakia declares war on all countries at war with the United States of America, Great Britain and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Declaration: 1941-12-16 Japan: Sarawak North Borneo Brunei: A Invasion: 1941-12-17: Albania United States: W: Declaration: 1941-12-19 Nicaragua: Romania Hungary Bulgaria: W [6] Declaration 1941-12-19 ...