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The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years.
The human history of Australia, however, commences with the arrival of the first ancestors of Aboriginal Australians by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 50,000 and 65,000 years ago, and continues to the present day multicultural democracy. Aboriginal Australians settled throughout continental Australia and many nearby islands.
[14] 182,159 people were sponsored by the IRO from the end of World War II up to the end of 1954 to resettle in Australia from Europe. Over the next twenty years, patterns of immigration continued to change. The government encouraged more people to come to Australia and many more assisted agreements were made with countries.
[80] [81] This is supported by a date of 50,000–60,000 years ago for the oldest evidence of settlement in Australia, [69] [82] around 40,000 years ago for the oldest human remains, [69] the earliest humans artifacts which are at least 65,000 years old [83] and the extinction of the Australian megafauna by humans between 46,000 and 15,000 ...
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins (2002) Excerpt about Sydney; Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds. Australia's Immigration Revolution (2010) Excerpt and text search; O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
The Nationality and Citizenship Act of 1948 also gave citizenship to any Indigenous people born in Australia. [197] In 1949, the right to vote in federal elections was extended to Indigenous Australians who had served in the armed forces, or were enrolled to vote in state elections.
The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early British colonial period of Australia's history. This started with the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Port Jackson on the lands of the Eora, and the establishment of the penal colony of New South Wales as part of the British Empire.
The exact number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will likely never be established, as accounts of the event vary slightly. A total of 1,420 people have been identified as embarking on the First Fleet in 1787, and 1,373 are believed to have landed at Sydney Cove in January 1788.