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Elek's test or the Elek plate test is an in vitro test of virulence performed on specimens of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the bacteria that causes diphtheria. [1] It is used to test for toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae strains. The test uses immunodiffusion.
Several tests were performed to determine carbohydrate and physiological reactions, peptidoglycan type, the chemical makeup of the teichoic acids in the cell wall, and cytochrome pattern. [1] All the strains were found to be facultative anaerobes and used glucose to produce equivalent amounts of D- and L-lactate. [1]
The plates are incubated for 12 hours up to several days, depending on the test that is performed. Commonly used types of agar plates include: Red blood cells on an agar plate are used to diagnose infection. On the left is a positive Staphylococcus infection, on the right a positive Streptococcus culture.
Mueller Hinton agar is commonly used in the disk diffusion method, which is a simple and widely used method for testing the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to antibiotics. In this method, small disks impregnated with different antibiotics are placed on the surface of the agar, and the zone of inhibition around each disk is measured to ...
The ionised particles are then accelerated, and spectral peaks recorded, producing an expression profile, which is capable of differentiating specific bacterial strains after being compared to known profiles. [26] This includes, in the context of antibiotic susceptibility testing, strains such as beta-lactamase producing E. coli. [9]
Blood is normally sterile. [1] The presence of bacteria in the blood is termed bacteremia, and the presence of fungi is called fungemia. [2] Minor damage to the skin [3] or mucous membranes, which can occur in situations like toothbrushing or defecation, [4] [5] can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, but this bacteremia is normally transient and is rarely detected in cultures because the ...
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food.The symptoms of the allergic reaction may range from mild to severe. They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure.
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