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Sterile abdominal surgery, under normal circumstances, causes localised or minimal generalised peritonitis, which may leave behind a foreign body reaction or fibrotic adhesions. However, peritonitis may also be caused by the rare case of a sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g., gauze, sponge).
Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
The clinical manifestations of secondary peritonitis are a reflection of the underlying disease process. Fever, diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are common. Physical examination generally show signs of peritoneal inflammation, isuch as rebound tenderness, abdominal wall rigidity and decrease in bowel sounds.
Tertiary peritonitis (also known as recurrent peritonitis) is the inflammation of the peritoneum which persists for 48 hours after a surgery that has been successfully carried out in adequate surgical conditions. [1] [2] [3] Tertiary peritonitis is usually the most delayed and severe consequence of nosocomial intra-abdominal
Specific cause of abdominal compartment syndrome is not known, although some causes can be sepsis and severe abdominal trauma. Increasing pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary , cardiovascular , renal , and gastro-intestinal (GI) function, causing obstructive shock , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.
Causes of a spontaneous pneumoperitoneum, with no peritonitis include a barotrauma due to mechanical ventilation, and a tracheal rupture following an emergency intubation. In the ventilation case, air had passed from the chest into the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm. In the tracheal rupture air had passed along the great vessels. [17]
Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]