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1897: Surgical masks made of cloth were developed in Europe by physicians Jan Mikulicz-Radecki at the University of Breslau and Paul Berger in Paris, as a result of increasing awareness of germ theory and the importance of antiseptic procedures in medicine. [453] 1898: Hans von Pechmann synthesizes polyethylene, now the most common plastic in ...
Manfred von Ardenne invented and developed the flying-spot scanner, Europe's first fully electronic television camera tube. In Britain, the first television advertising and the first TV interview; 1931 The British engineer and inventor Alan Dower Blumlein (1903–1942) invents "Binaural Sound", today called "Stereo".
The planing machine, the milling machine and the shaping machine were developed in the early decades of the 19th century. Although the milling machine was invented at this time, it was not developed as a serious workshop tool until somewhat later in the 19th century.
This timeline of time measurement inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions relating to timekeeping devices and their inventors, where known. Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Sometimes inventions are invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be ...
Several of the six classic simple machines were invented in Mesopotamia. [18] Mesopotamians have been credited with the invention of the wheel. The wheel and axle mechanism first appeared with the potter's wheel, invented in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC. [19]
1839, 1930: Discovery of polystyrene by Eduard Simon, was made a commercial product by IG Farben in 1930 [131] c. 1840: Nitrogen-based fertiliser by Justus von Liebig, [132] important innovations were later made by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch (Haber process) in the 1900s [133] 1846: Discovery of guncotton by Christian Friedrich Schönbein [134]
The first wristwatches were made in the 16th century. Elizabeth I of England had made an inventory in 1572 of the watches she acquired, all of which were considered to be part of her jewellery collection. [174] The first pocketwatches were inaccurate, as their size precluded them from having sufficiently well-made moving parts. [175]
The first European mention of the directional compass is in Alexander Neckam's On the Natures of Things, written in Paris around 1190. [44] It was either transmitted from China or the Arabs or an independent European innovation. Dry compass were invented in the Mediterranean around 1300. [45] Astronomical compass (1269)