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The reason for this is to distinguish between a file named '1' and stdout, i.e. cat file 2 >1 vs cat file 2 > & 1. In the first case, stderr is redirected to a file named ' 1 ' and in the second, stderr is redirected to stdout. Another useful capability is to redirect one standard file handle to another.
In the case of an interactive shell, that is usually the text terminal which initiated the program. The file descriptor for standard output is 1 (one); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDOUT_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> variable is FILE* stdout; similarly, the C++ <iostream> variable is std::cout.
>> file means stdout will be appended at the end of file. >>& file means both stdout and stderr will be appended at the end of file. < file means stdin will be read from file. << string is a here document. Stdin will read the following lines up to the one that matches string. Redirecting stderr alone isn't possible without the aid of a sub-shell.
This displays the standard output of the command lint program.c at the computer, and at the same time saves a copy of it in the file program.lint. If a file named program.lint already exists, it is deleted and replaced. Similarly, both the stdout and stderr output streams can be redirected to standard output and the program.lint using stream ...
Yes (stdin, stdout, stderr, stdout+stderr) Yes (via registry, TCMD.INI / 4NT.INI file, startup parameters, environment variables, SETDOS command) Yes (automatic via registry and TCSTART / 4START as well as TCEXIT / 4EXIT, or explicitly via /K startup option) Yes (via CALL command or /C and /K startup options) Yes No VMS DCL [22] OpenVMS
Tesla stock fell as the stock's post-election gains faded amid a cooling of the Trump trade and a new report from Reuters that suggested EV tax credits could be cut under the incoming Trump ...
The driver accused of killing NHL star Johnny Gaudreau and his brother faces more severe charges under a new indictment. Sean M. Higgins, 44, is accused of aggravated manslaughter and other crimes ...
This limited-edition set includes Tom Ford's spicy and floral Soleil Blanc in both an eau de parfum and a travel spray. Formulated with notes of coco de mer, ylang-ylang and cardamom, it's a ...