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A heat pump in combination with heat and cold storage. A ground source heat pump (also geothermal heat pump) is a heating/cooling system for buildings that use a type of heat pump to transfer heat to or from the ground, taking advantage of the relative constancy of temperatures of the earth through the seasons.
Not all regions and sites are suitable for earth-air heat exchangers. Conditions which may hinder or preclude proper implementation include shallow bedrock, high water table, and insufficient space, among others. In some areas, only cooling or heating may be afforded by earth-air heat exchangers.
Geothermal energy is considered to be sustainable because the heat extracted is so small compared to the Earth's heat content, which is approximately 100 billion times 2010 worldwide annual energy consumption. [4] Earth's heat flows are not in equilibrium; the planet is cooling on geologic timescales.
That heat can be extracted with a geothermal heat pump more efficiently than it can be generated by conventional furnaces. [10] Geothermal heat pumps are economically viable essentially anywhere in the world. In theory, geothermal energy (usually cooling) can also be extracted from existing infrastructure, such as municipal water pipes. [14]
DX system being drilled in the 1980s. A direct exchange (DX) geothermal heat pump is a type of ground source heat pump in which refrigerant circulates through copper tubing placed in the ground unlike other ground source heat pumps where refrigerant is restricted to the heat pump itself with a secondary loop in the ground filled with a mixture of water and anti-freeze.
Closed-loop geothermal systems (also known as “advanced geothermal systems” or “AGS”) are a type of engineered geothermal energy system containing subsurface working fluid that is heated in a hot rock reservoir without direct contact with rock pores and fractures.: [1] [2] [3] Instead, the subsurface working fluid stays inside a closed loop of deeply buried pipes that conduct Earth’s ...
In the geothermal context the percent of load is usually the amount of seasonal btus provided by each of the geothermal stages. This is not the same than a percentage of the actual heat loss/gain. Peak loads happen infrequently so 98% of the seasonal load might be 60% of peak the peak load.
Geothermal power is highly scalable: a small power station can supply a rural village, though initial capital costs can be high. [54] The most developed geothermal field is the Geysers in California. In 2008, this field supported 15 stations, all owned by Calpine, with a total generating capacity of 725 MW. [55]
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