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Abstractive summarization methods generate new text that did not exist in the original text. [12] This has been applied mainly for text. Abstractive methods build an internal semantic representation of the original content (often called a language model), and then use this representation to create a summary that is closer to what a human might express.
Artificial intelligence is used in astronomy to analyze increasing amounts of available data [159] [160] and applications, mainly for "classification, regression, clustering, forecasting, generation, discovery, and the development of new scientific insights" for example for discovering exoplanets, forecasting solar activity, and distinguishing ...
Lisp was the first language developed for artificial intelligence. It includes features intended to support programs that could perform general problem solving, such as lists, associations, schemas (frames), dynamic memory allocation, data types , recursion, associative retrieval, functions as arguments, generators (streams), and cooperative ...
A key breakthrough was LSTM (1995), [note 1] a RNN which used various innovations to overcome the vanishing gradient problem, allowing efficient learning of long-sequence modelling. One key innovation was the use of an attention mechanism which used neurons that multiply the outputs of other neurons, so-called multiplicative units . [ 11 ]
In artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence (also known as classical artificial intelligence or logic-based artificial intelligence) [1] [2] is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level symbolic (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search. [3]
Note: it uses the pre-LN convention, which is different from the post-LN convention used in the original 2017 Transformer. A transformer is a deep learning architecture that was developed by researchers at Google and is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which was proposed in the 2017 paper " Attention Is All You Need ". [ 1 ]
Generative artificial intelligence (generative AI, GenAI, [1] or GAI) is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses generative models to produce text, images, videos, or other forms of data. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] These models learn the underlying patterns and structures of their training data and use them to produce new data [ 5 ] [ 6 ] based on ...
Open-source artificial intelligence is an AI system that is freely available to use, study, modify, and share. [1] These attributes extend to each of the system's components, including datasets, code, and model parameters, promoting a collaborative and transparent approach to AI development. [ 1 ]