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Because of its criticality, safety instrumented systems must be independent from all other control systems that control the same equipment, in order to ensure SIS functionality is not compromised. An SIS is composed of the same types of control elements (including sensors , logic solvers , actuators and other control equipment) as a Basic ...
Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor; Attitude control (spacecraft): Horizon sensor, Earth sensor, Moon sensor, Satellite Sensor, Sun sensor; Catadioptric sensor; Chemoreceptor; Compressive sensing; Cryogenic particle detectors; Dew warning; Diffusion tensor imaging; Digital holography; Electronic tongue; Fine Guidance Sensor; Flat ...
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.
Digital control systems to automate process controls, operator tools and service information systems to optimize plant safety and security are within the purview of the IIoT. [85] IoT can also be applied to asset management via predictive maintenance , statistical evaluation , and measurements to maximize reliability. [ 86 ]
A typical restriction is the refusal to allow OT systems to perform safety functions (particularly in the nuclear environment), instead relying on hard-wired control systems to perform such functions; this decision stems from the widely recognized issue with substantiating software (e.g. code may perform marginally differently once compiled).
Security systems can be interlocked to a building automation system. [15] If occupancy sensors are present, they can also be used as burglar alarms. Because security systems are often deliberately sabotaged, at least some detectors or cameras should have battery backup and wireless connectivity and the ability to trigger alarms when disconnected.
Hazard control methods at the top of the graphic are potentially more effective and protective than those at the bottom. Following this hierarchy of controls normally leads to the implementation of inherently safer systems, where the risk of illness or injury has been substantially reduced. [1]