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Ascorbic acid is a furan-based lactone of 2-ketogluconic acid. It contains an adjacent enediol adjacent to the carbonyl . This −C(OH)=C(OH)−C(=O)− structural pattern is characteristic of reductones , and increases the acidity of one of the enol hydroxyl groups .
Ascorbic acid efflux by embryos of dicot plants is a well-established mechanism of iron reduction and a step obligatory for iron uptake. [a] All plants synthesize ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in photosynthesis, synthesis of plant hormones, as an antioxidant and regenerator of other antioxidants. [95]
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As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as a mineral ascorbate. It has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement. [2] Sodium ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).
Ascorbic acid or vitamin C, an oxidation-reduction catalyst found in both animals and plants, [71] can reduce, and thereby neutralize, reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] In addition to its direct antioxidant effects, ascorbic acid is also a substrate for the redox enzyme ascorbate peroxidase , a function that is ...
Acid Description Formulation pKa (when applicable, pKa1) Acetic acid: Gives vinegar its sour taste and distinctive smell.: C 2 H 4 O 2: 4.756 Ascorbic acid: Found in oranges and green peppers and gives a crisp, slightly sour taste, better known as vitamin C.
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Ascorbic acid is essential to humans and some animal species but most other animals and many plants are able to synthesize it. Nutrients may be organic or inorganic: organic compounds include most compounds containing carbon, while all other chemicals are inorganic.