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Like all binary halides, those of vanadium are Lewis acidic, especially those of V(IV) and V(V). Many of the halides form octahedral complexes with the formula VX n L 6−n (X= halide; L= other ligand). Many vanadium oxyhalides (formula VO m X n) are known. [13] The oxytrichloride and oxytrifluoride (VOCl 3 and VOF 3) are the most widely studied.
Vanadium(II) compounds are reducing agents, and vanadium(V) compounds are oxidizing agents. Vanadium(IV) compounds often exist as vanadyl derivatives, which contain the VO 2+ center. [23] Ammonium vanadate(V) (NH 4 VO 3) can be successively reduced with elemental zinc to obtain the different colors of vanadium in these four oxidation states.
Organovanadium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon (C) to vanadium (V) chemical bond. [1] Organovanadium compounds find only minor use as reagents in organic synthesis but are significant for polymer chemistry as catalysts. [2] Oxidation states for vanadium are +2, +3, +4 and +5.
The vanadyl or oxovanadium(IV) cation, VO 2+, [1] is a functional group that is common in the coordination chemistry of vanadium. Complexes containing this functional group are characteristically blue and paramagnetic. A triple bond is proposed to exist between the V 4+ and O 2− centers. [2]
Vanadyl(IV) sulfate describes a collection of inorganic compounds of vanadium with the formula, VOSO 4 (H 2 O) x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. The pentahydrate is common. The pentahydrate is common. This hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory, reflecting its high stability.
A vanadium ore or vanadium-rich residue is treated with sodium carbonate and an ammonium salt to produce sodium metavanadate, NaVO 3. This material is then acidified to pH 2–3 using H 2 SO 4 to yield a precipitate of "red cake" (see above). The red cake is then melted at 690 °C to produce the crude V 2 O 5.
Vanadyl acetylacetonate is the chemical compound with the formula VO(acac) 2, where acac – is the conjugate base of acetylacetone. It is a blue-green solid that dissolves in polar organic solvents. The coordination complex consists of the vanadyl group, VO 2+, bound to two acac – ligands via the two oxygen atoms on each.
Vanadium(IV) chloride – VCl 4; Ytterbium(III) ... Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate) – NaHCO 3; Sodium hydrosulfide – NaSH; Sodium hydroxide – NaOH;