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The second is: ¨ = (+) + which is derived from the first together with the trace of Einstein's field equations (the dimension of the two equations is time −2). a is the scale factor , G , Λ , and c are universal constants ( G is the Newtonian constant of gravitation , Λ is the cosmological constant with dimension length −2 , and c is the ...
Thus, the Lambda-CDM model, the current standard model of cosmology which uses the FLRW metric, includes the cosmological constant, which is measured to be on the order of 10 −52 m −2. It may be expressed as 10 −35 s −2 (multiplying by c 2 ≈ 10 17 m 2 ⋅s −2 ) or as 10 −122 ℓ P −2 [ 27 ] (where ℓ P is the Planck length).
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: a cosmological constant , denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy
The model is based on general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as the homogeneity and isotropy of space. A version of the model with a cosmological constant (Lambda) and cold dark matter, known as the Lambda-CDM model, is the simplest model that provides a reasonably good account of various observations about the universe.
Conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) is a cosmological model in the framework of general relativity and proposed by theoretical physicist Roger Penrose. [1] [2] [3] In CCC, the universe iterates through infinite cycles, with the future timelike infinity (i.e. the latest end of any possible timescale evaluated for any point in space) of each previous iteration being identified with the Big Bang ...
Any observer can make measurements and the precise numerical quantities obtained only depend on the coordinate system used. This suggested a way of formulating relativity using 'invariant structures', those that are independent of the coordinate system (represented by the observer) used, yet still have an independent existence.
People come to the zoo to see the pandas. Full stop. For decades, the National Zoo was the only place to see pandas in America. As I child, I went to see the original pair of D.C. pandas, Ling ...
The induced metric in this case is positive-definite, and each sheet is a copy of hyperbolic n-space. See Minkowski space § Geometry.) The de Sitter space can also be defined as the quotient O(1, n) / O(1, n − 1) of two indefinite orthogonal groups, which shows that it is a non-Riemannian symmetric space.