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However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of many mechanisms that leads to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To locate genes and loci that are responsible for the risk of type 2 diabetes, genome wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to compare the genomes of diabetic patient group and the non-diabetic control group. [4]
The PPARGC1A gene regulates genes involved in energy metabolism. [1] [2] Since type 2 diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia as a result of impaired pancreatic beta cell function [3] and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, [4] it was thought that the gene might be downregulated in type 2 diabetes patients through DNA methylation.
Mutations of the gene for this enzyme can cause unusual forms of diabetes or hypoglycemia. Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme , related homologously to at least three other hexokinases. [ 4 ] All of the hexokinases can mediate phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is the first step of both glycogen synthesis and ...
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of several hereditary forms of diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene disrupting insulin production. [1] Along with neonatal diabetes , MODY is a form of the conditions known as monogenic diabetes.
Mutations of the GKRP gene (GCKR) in humans have been sought as possible causes of monogenic diabetes , but no examples have yet been discovered. However, variant forms of GCKR have been found to be associated with small differences in levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides , C-reactive protein , and higher or lower risks for type 2 diabetes ...
Prentice et al. [17] predicted that the emerging molecular genetics field would ultimately provide a way to test between the adaptive 'thrifty gene' idea and the non-adaptive 'drifty gene' idea because it would be possible to find signatures of positive selection in the human genome, at genes that are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes ...
The most common causes of CKD are high blood pressure and diabetes, "which damage the small blood vessels and filtering units in the kidneys over time," says Nagata. Other potential causes he ...
Due to these diverse effects, there has been significant interest in developing long-lasting agonists of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). GLP1R is also expressed in the brain [19] where it is involved in the control of appetite. [20] Furthermore, mice that over express GLP1R display improved memory and ...
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