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Graphical comparison of a centralised (A) and a decentralised (B) system. A decentralised system in systems theory is a system in which lower level components operate on local information to accomplish global goals.
The word "centralisation" came into use in France in 1794 as the post-Revolution French Directory leadership created a new government structure. The word "décentralisation" came into usage in the 1820s. [2] "Centralization" entered written English in the first third of the 1800s; [3] mentions of decentralization also first appear during those ...
Centralisation or centralization (North American English; see English spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning, decision-making, and framing strategies and policies, become concentrated within a particular group within that organisation.
Planned economies contrast with command economies in that a planned economy is "an economic system in which the government controls and regulates production, distribution, prices, etc." [39] whereas a command economy necessarily has substantial public ownership of industry while also having this type of regulation. [40]
There are various forms of economic planning that vary based on their specific procedures and approach. The level of centralization or decentralization in decision-making depends on the specific type of planning mechanism employed. In addition, one can distinguish between centralized planning and decentralized planning. [3]
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Decentralized computing is the allocation of resources, both hardware and software, to each individual workstation, or office location.In contrast, centralized computing exists when the majority of functions are carried out, or obtained from a remote centralized location.
MIT Professor Thomas W. Malone explains that "decentralization has three general benefits: encourages motivation and creativity; allows many minds to work simultaneously on the same problem; accommodates flexibility and individualization; Decentralized decision-making, Malone says, tends to create less rigidity and flatter hierarchies in ...