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A chip log, also called common log, [1] ship log, or just log, is a navigation tool mariners use to estimate the speed of a vessel through water. The word knot , to mean nautical mile per hour , derives from this measurement method.
All those mentioned were the traditional instruments used until well into the second half of the 20th century. After World War II electronic aids to navigation developed very rapidly and, to a great extent, replaced more traditional tools. Electronic speed and depth finders have totally replaced their older counterparts.
In long-distance navigation through the open ocean, the sandglass or "glass" used to measure the time was a tool as important as the compass (which indicated sailing direction, and so ship's course). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Filled with the amount of sand suitable for measuring a lapse of half an hour, each time the sand emptied was also called a "glass ...
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the ...
By modern measure, this is about 1 degree, 36 minutes, and 25 seconds, or just over 1.5 degrees. It is equal to the arcsine of the ratio of the width of the finger to the length of the arm. In Chinese navigation, the unit of jiao 角 is also used to represent a quarter 指 (an angle of 24 minutes 6 seconds).
A typical shipboard ARPA/radar system. A marine radar with automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. [1] [2] The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach [3] (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
A Doppler velocity sensor (DVS) is a specialized Doppler radar that uses the Doppler effect to measure the three orthogonal velocity components referenced to the aircraft. When aircraft true heading , pitch and roll are provided by other aircraft systems, it can function as a navigation sensor to perform stand-alone dead reckoning navigation ...
With a laser measuring tool, the job can be completed by one operator with just a line of sight. Although tape measures are technically perfectly accurate, laser measuring tools are much more precise. Laser measuring tools typically include the ability to produce some simple calculations, such as the area or volume of a room.
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