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In mathematics, an expansion of a product of sums expresses it as a sum of products by using the fact that multiplication distributes over addition. Expansion of a polynomial expression can be obtained by repeatedly replacing subexpressions that multiply two other subexpressions, at least one of which is an addition, by the equivalent sum of products, continuing until the expression becomes a ...
In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form + + to the form + for some values of and . [1] In terms of a new quantity x − h {\displaystyle x-h} , this expression is a quadratic polynomial with no linear term.
Another meaning for generalized continued fraction is a generalization to higher dimensions. For example, there is a close relationship between the simple continued fraction in canonical form for the irrational real number α, and the way lattice points in two dimensions lie to either side of the line y = αx. Generalizing this idea, one might ...
Denoting the two roots by r 1 and r 2 we distinguish three cases. If the discriminant is zero the fraction converges to the single root of multiplicity two. If the discriminant is not zero, and |r 1 | ≠ |r 2 |, the continued fraction converges to the root of maximum modulus (i.e., to the root with the greater absolute value).
[6]: 207 Starting with a quadratic equation in standard form, ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Divide each side by a, the coefficient of the squared term. Subtract the constant term c/a from both sides. Add the square of one-half of b/a, the coefficient of x, to both sides. This "completes the square", converting the left side into a perfect square.
For example, log 2 (8) = 3, because 2 3 = 8. The graph gets arbitrarily close to the y axis, but does not meet or intersect it . An exponential equation is one which has the form a x = b {\displaystyle a^{x}=b} for a > 0 {\displaystyle a>0} , [ 43 ] which has solution
Using the preceding decomposition inductively one gets fractions of the form , with < = , where G is an irreducible polynomial. If k > 1 , one can decompose further, by using that an irreducible polynomial is a square-free polynomial , that is, 1 {\displaystyle 1} is a greatest common divisor of the polynomial and its derivative .
These factorizations work not only over the complex numbers, but also over any field, where either –1, 2 or –2 is a square. In a finite field , the product of two non-squares is a square; this implies that the polynomial x 4 + 1 , {\displaystyle x^{4}+1,} which is irreducible over the integers, is reducible modulo every prime number .