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  2. Half-reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-reaction

    For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H + ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction. For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH − ...

  3. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    The number indicates the degree of oxidation of each element caused by molecular bonding. In ionic molecules, the oxidation numbers are the same as the element's ionic charge. Thus for KCl, potassium is assigned +1 and chlorine is assigned -1. [4] The complete set of rules for assigning oxidation numbers are discussed in the following sections.

  4. Frost diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_diagram

    [1] [2] The adjacent oxidation states, however, will favor comproportionation if the middle oxidation state is in the “bottom of a valley”. [2] By Jensen's inequality , drawing the line between the oxidation state to the left and the one to the right and seeing if the species lies above or below this line is a quick way to determine ...

  5. Reducing agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_agent

    In the above equation, the Iron (Fe) has an oxidation number of 0 before and 3+ after the reaction. For oxygen (O) the oxidation number began as 0 and decreased to 2−. These changes can be viewed as two "half-reactions" that occur concurrently: Oxidation half reaction: Fe 0 → Fe 3+ + 3e −; Reduction half reaction: O 2 + 4e − → 2 O 2−

  6. Oxygen balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_balance

    X = number of atoms of carbon, Y = number of atoms of hydrogen, Z = number of atoms of oxygen, and M = number of atoms of metal (metallic oxide produced). In the case of TNT (C 6 H 2 (NO 2) 3 CH 3), Molecular weight = 227.1 X = 7 (number of carbon atoms) Y = 5 (number of hydrogen atoms) Z = 6 (number of oxygen atoms) Therefore,

  7. IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    The Roman numerals in fact show the oxidation number, but in simple ionic compounds (i.e., not metal complexes) this will always equal the ionic charge on the metal. For a simple overview see [1] Archived 2008-10-16 at the Wayback Machine , for more details see selected pages from IUPAC rules for naming inorganic compounds Archived 2016-03-03 ...

  8. Disproportionation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disproportionation

    The chlorine reactant is in oxidation state 0. In the products, the chlorine in the Cl − ion has an oxidation number of −1, having been reduced, whereas the oxidation number of the chlorine in the ClO − 3 ion is +5, indicating that it has been oxidized. Decomposition of numerous interhalogen compounds involve disproportionation.

  9. List of chemistry mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemistry_mnemonics

    An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.