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The presence of expiratory phase wheezing signifies that the patient's peak expiratory flow rate is less than 50% of normal. [6] Wheezing heard in the inspiratory phase, on the other hand, is often a sign of a stiff stenosis, usually caused by tumors, foreign bodies or scarring.
Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]
Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve. For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted FIF max. Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement.) PEF
Wheezes, describing a continuous musical sound on expiration or inspiration. A wheeze is the result of narrowed airways. Common causes include asthma and emphysema. [20] Rhonchi (an increasingly obsolete term) characterised by low pitched, musical bubbly sounds heard on inspiration and expiration. Rhonchi are the result of viscous fluid in the ...
FCV creates an inspiration by generating a stable flow from a set End-expiratory pressure (EEP) to a set Peak pressure. Then a stable expiratory flow is created by suctioning. [21] This expiratory flow rate is preferably similar to the inspiratory flow, aiming for an I:E ratio of 1:1.0, to minimize energy dissipation in the lungs.
The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during a FVC maneuver: FIF: Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve. For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted FIF max. Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the ...
Peak/mean inspiratory and expiratory flow measures the presence of upper airway flow limitations during inspiration and expiration. %RCi is the percent contribution of the rib cage excursions to the tidal volume Vt. The %RCi contribution to Tidal Volume ratio is obtained by dividing the inspired volume in the RC band by the inspired volume in ...
Crackles are more common during the inspiratory than the expiratory phase of breathing, but they may be heard during the expiratory phase. Crackles are often described as fine, medium, and coarse. They can also be characterized as to their timing: fine crackles are usually late-inspiratory, whereas coarse crackles are early inspiratory.