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Ethylene glycol, antifreeze, is extremely toxic to dogs. It has a sweet taste and thus dogs will drink it. As little as 2 1/2 tablespoons can kill a medium-sized dog in 2–3 days. This type of poisoning is often fatal as dog owners do not know their pet has ingested the antifreeze. De-icing fluids can also contain ethylene glycol.
The antidotes for ethylene glycol poisoning are ethanol and fomepizole. This antidotal treatment forms the mainstay of management of ethylene glycol poisoning. The toxicity of ethylene glycol comes from its metabolism to glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to prevent the formation of these metabolites.
Ethylene glycol has relatively high mammalian toxicity when ingested, roughly on par with methanol, with an oral LD Lo = 786 mg/kg for humans. [30] The major danger is due to its sweet taste, which can attract children and animals. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid, which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is ...
The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, [18] but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. [17] In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway.
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
The snacks were contaminated with ethylene glycol, probably originating from contamined propylene glycol. All products made by Bassar were recalled on the 7th of September. [113] 2024 – Applesauce products containing cinnamon were found to contain lead chromate, leading to reports of child lead poisoning across the United States. The source ...
It may also result from alcohol excess and from starvation; in both states the glucose level is normal or low. Metabolic acidosis may occur in people with diabetes for other reasons, such as poisoning with ethylene glycol or paraldehyde. [3] The American Diabetes Association categorizes DKA in adults into one of three stages of severity: [3]
Digoxin poisoning, Oleander ingestion [8] Diphenhydramine hydrochloride and benztropine mesylate: Extrapyramidal reactions associated with antipsychotics: 100% Ethanol or fomepizole: Ethylene glycol poisoning and methanol poisoning: Flumazenil: Benzodiazepine overdose: 100% oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) Carbon monoxide poisoning ...