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Pennsylvania Dutch arts history in Pennsylvania Dutch language. Although speakers of Pennsylvania Dutch can be found among both sectarians and nonsectarians, most speakers belong to the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonites. Nearly all Amish and Mennonites are naturally bilingual, speaking both Pennsylvania Dutch and English natively. [9]
These European Germans immigrated to Pennsylvania Dutch cities, where many came to prominence in matters of the church, newspapers and urban business. [13] [12] After the 1871 unification of the first German Empire, the term "Dutchlander" came to refer to the nationality of people from the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. [1] [2] [3]
Pennsylvania Dutch arts history in Pennsylvania Dutch language. The people from southern Germany, eastern France and Switzerland, where the Pennsylvania Dutch culture and dialect sprung, started to arrive in North America in the late 17th and the early 18th centuries, before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
Most Dutch-Americans are white, but some are people of color, including Black Dutch-Americans. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many enslaved and free Black people spoke Dutch. New York City and New Jersey had notable Dutch-speaking Black populations during the colonial era and into the 1800s, dating back to the Dutch settlement in New ...
Many Pennsylvania Dutchmen are descendants of Palatines who settled the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. [6] The Pennsylvania Dutch language, spoken by the Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch in the United States, is derived primarily from the Palatine German language which many Mennonite refugees brought to Pennsylvania in the years 1717 to 1732. [65]
In the 17th century, the Dutch, Swedish, and British all competed for southeastern Pennsylvania, while the French expanded into parts of western Pennsylvania. In 1638, the Kingdom of Sweden , then one of the great powers in Europe, established the colony of New Sweden in the area of the present-day Mid-Atlantic states .
This category includes American citizens whose German ancestors had immigrated to the U.S. State of Pennsylvania during a certain period of time. Includes full or partial descent. See: Pennsylvania Dutch
The last people to retain the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect were the Old Order Mennonite community in Rockingham County. While these people use only English today, some older Mennonites still spoke German at home until the 1940s and 1950s. [17] Historically most Mennonites were white people of Germanic ancestry. The community has become more ...