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The sabre-tooth water deer of China is often called the vampire deer due to the exceptionally long canine teeth in the males. In many species the canine teeth in the upper or lower jaw, or in both jaws, are much larger in males than in females, where they are sometimes hidden or completely absent.
Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. [41] Dogs can lose their hearing from age or an ear infection. [42]
Enamel rods are found in rows along the tooth, and within each row, the long axis of the enamel rod is generally perpendicular to the underlying dentin. [10] In permanent teeth, the enamel rods near the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) tilt slightly toward the root of the tooth. Understanding enamel orientation is very important in restorative ...
Canine terminology in this article refers only to dog terminology, specialized terms describing the characteristics of various external parts of the domestic dog, as well as terms for structure, movement, and temperament. This terminology is not typically used for any of the wild species or subspecies of wild wolves, foxes, coyotes, dholes ...
Genes for antibiotic resistance have gradually spread among other pathogenic bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer. [10] Susceptibility to various beta-lactam antibiotics has been described as variable depending on the strain of Capnocytophaga. [11] This resistance is often linked to the production of beta- lactamases.
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The normal temperature of the mouth ranges between 35 and 36 °C, and a two-degree (°C) change has been shown to drastically shift the dominant species in the plaque. [18] Redox reactions are carried out by aerobic bacteria. This keeps the oxygen levels in the mouth at a semi-stable homeostatic condition, which allows the bacteria to survive. [18]
[12] [10] [13] [14] Mouth breathing also leads to dry mouth, throat infections, a reduced sense of taste, [11] and other chronic conditions. [ 13 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Nasal breathing is a research interest in orthodontics (and the related field of myofunctional therapy) [ 18 ] and for biological anthropologists .