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The habitable zone around yellow dwarfs varies according to their size and luminosity, although the inner boundary is usually at 0.84 AU and the outer one at 1.67 in a G2V class dwarf like the Sun. [19] For a G5V class star with a radius of 0.95 R☉—smaller than the Sun—the habitable zone would correspond to the region located between 0.8 ...
Dwarf planets were thus conceived of as a category of planet. In 2006, however, the concept was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a category of sub-planetary objects, part of a three-way recategorization of bodies orbiting the Sun: planets, dwarf planets, and small Solar System bodies. [2]
The violent flaring period of a red dwarf's life cycle is estimated to last for only about the first 1.2 billion years of its existence. If a planet forms far away from a red dwarf so as to avoid atmospheric erosion, and then migrates into the star's habitable zone after this turbulent initial period, it is possible for life to develop. [57]
The habitability of F-type systems may be impaired, though, by the fact that they make up only 3% of the stars in the Milky way, compared to 6–8% for G-types, 12–13% for K-types, and ~70% for red dwarfs. Further study is required to make decisive conclusions about the frequency of habitable planets around F-type stars. [3] [5]
The planet's habitable zone, ranging from 0.1–0.4 to 0.3–1.3 astronomical units (AU), [4] [better source needed] depending on the size of the star, is often far enough from the star so as not to be tidally locked to the star, and to have a sufficiently low solar flare activity not to be lethal to life. In comparison, red dwarf stars have ...
The concept of human exploration of dwarf planets has intrigued scientists since Pluto's discovery in 1930. Despite the vast distances and significant challenges, advancements in space technology could make such endeavors possible. Colonizing dwarf planets offers potential economic benefits due to the presence of rare and valuable ores. [23]
Size comparison of the Sun, all the planets of the Solar System and some larger stars. The Sun is 1.4 million kilometers (4.643 light-seconds ) wide, about 109 times wider than Earth, or four times the Lunar distance , and contains 99.86% of all Solar System mass .
Morbidelli and Kenyon have suggested that Sedna did not originate in the Solar System, but was captured by the Sun from a passing extrasolar planetary system, specifically that of a brown dwarf about 1/20th the mass of the Sun (M ☉) [63] [64] [71] or a main-sequence star 80 percent more massive than the Sun, which, owing to its larger mass ...