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Pharaoh (/ ˈ f ɛər oʊ /, US also / ˈ f eɪ. r oʊ /; [4] Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; [note 1] Coptic: ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ, romanized: Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה Parʿō) [5] was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. [6]
The full titulary of Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Hatshepsut, providing a guide to pronunciation and its equivalent meaning and showing the differences since this pharaoh is a woman, is as follows, Horus name: Wesretkau, "Mighty of Kas" Nebty name: Wadjrenput, "She of the Two Ladies, Flourishing of years"
Transliteration is the representation of written symbols in a consistent way in a different writing system, while transcription indicates the pronunciation of a text. For the case of Ancient Egyptian, precise details of the phonology are not known completely.
The dates given in this list of pharaohs are approximate. They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt , mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities [ 4 ] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology , but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 March 2025. Fourth Dynasty ancient Egyptian pharaoh This article is about the Egyptian pharaoh. For the encryption algorithm, see Khufu and Khafre. "Cheops" redirects here. For other uses, see Cheops (disambiguation). Khufu Cheops, Suphis, Chnoubos, Sofe The Statue of Khufu in the Cairo Museum Pharaoh ...
Thutmose II was the fourth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and his reign is thought to have lasted for 13 years, from 1493 to 1479 BC (Low Chronology), or just 3 years from around 1482 to 1479 BC.
Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC; [1] / ˈ m eɪ n eɪ z /; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced * /maˈnij/; [6] Ancient Greek: Μήνης [5] and Μήν [7]) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the First Dynasty.
Ramesses (/ r æ ˈ m ɛ s iː z / or / ˈ r æ m ə s iː z /), also commonly spelled Rameses or Ramses (/ ˈ r æ m ə s ɛ s /, / ˈ r æ m s ɛ s /, or / ˈ r æ m s iː z /), is the name conventionally given in English transliteration to 11 Egyptian pharaohs of the later New Kingdom period.