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Multivitamins nutrition facts label showing that the international unit of, for example, vitamins D and E correspond to different gram values. In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds related in ... The international unit measurement was used by the United States in 1968–2016. 1 IU is the biological ...
The Swedish National Food Agency recommends a daily intake of 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D 3 for children and adults up to 75 years, and 20 μg (800 IU) for adults 75 and older. [166] Non-government organisations in Europe have made their own recommendations. The German Society for Nutrition recommends 20 μg. [167]
Vitamin A status involves eye health via two separate functions. Retinal is an essential factor in rod cells and cone cells in the retina responding to light exposure by sending nerve signals to the brain. An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. [6] Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell ...
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...
In some cases, vitamin supplements may have unwanted effects, especially if taken before surgery, with other dietary supplements or medicines, or if the person taking them has certain health conditions. [73] They may also contain levels of vitamins many times higher, and in different forms, than one may ingest through food.
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D 2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food. It is used as a dietary supplement [3] to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency [4] due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
Food and supplement labels still generally use IU, but IU can be converted to the more useful retinol activity equivalent as follows: [19] 1 μg RAE = 3.33 IU retinol; 1 IU retinol = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from supplements = 0.3 μg RAE; 1 IU β-carotene from food = 0.05 μg RAE; 1 IU α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin from food = 0.025 μg ...