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  2. Discharge coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_coefficient

    In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.

  3. Flow coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_coefficient

    The flow coefficient of a device is a relative measure of its efficiency at allowing fluid flow. It describes the relationship between the pressure drop across an orifice valve or other assembly and the corresponding flow rate. Mathematically the flow coefficient C v (or flow-capacity rating of valve) can be expressed as

  4. Darcy–Weisbach equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy–Weisbach_equation

    The proportionality coefficient is the dimensionless "Darcy friction factor" or "flow coefficient". This dimensionless coefficient will be a combination of geometric factors such as π , the Reynolds number and (outside the laminar regime) the relative roughness of the pipe (the ratio of the roughness height to the hydraulic diameter ).

  5. Orifice plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orifice_plate

    Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.

  6. Choked flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choked_flow

    The choked velocity is a function of the upstream pressure but not the downstream. Although the velocity is constant, the mass flow rate is dependent on the density of the upstream gas, which is a function of the upstream pressure. Flow velocity reaches the speed of sound in the orifice, and it may be termed a sonic orifice.

  7. Torricelli's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli's_law

    For low viscosity liquids (such as water) flowing out of a round hole in a tank, the discharge coefficient is in the order of 0.65. [4] By discharging through a round tube or hose, the coefficient of discharge can be increased to over 0.9. For rectangular openings, the discharge coefficient can be up to 0.67, depending on the height-width ratio.

  8. Vena contracta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vena_contracta

    The coefficient of contraction is defined as the ratio between the area of the jet at the vena contracta and the area of the orifice. C c = Area at vena contracta/Area of orifice. The typical value may be taken as 0.611 for a sharp orifice (concentric with the flow channel). [2] [3] The smaller the value, the greater the effect the vena ...

  9. Darcy friction factor formulae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_friction_factor_formulae

    Churchill equation [24] (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), [25] and Bellos et al. (2018) [8] equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and ...