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Glory-of-the-Snow is an alpine plant that preforms its flowers in the previous season so that it can flower as soon as the snow starts to melt in spring. Some plants flower immediately after snow melting or soil thawing. These early flowering plants always form their flowers in the previous season, called preformation.
Almost all of the 35 to 40 inches (0.89 to 1.02 m) of annual precipitation falls as snow, and growing season can be as short as just days. [6]: 17 Annual plants must quickly grow to maturity, and all plants must quickly flower and develop mature seed. [10]
An alpine tree line is the highest elevation that sustains trees; higher up it is too cold, or the snow cover lasts for too much of the year, to sustain trees. [ 2 ] : 151 The climate above the tree line of mountains is called an alpine climate , [ 14 ] : 21 and the habitat can be described as the alpine zone . [ 15 ]
Some plants with a broader altitudinal range are found listed in their predominant habitat elevation. All the plant species listed are native to the Sierra's foothills, valleys, and mountains. In addition some are also endemic to here and elsewhere within California – (ca-endemic) ; and some are further endemic to and only found in the Sierra ...
The climate of subalpine ecosystems is dominated by very long winters and short growing seasons of 6–9 weeks. Temperatures are cool even during the growing season and frost can occur 12 months of the year. Precipitation ranges from 750–1,250 millimetres (30–50 in) per year, which falls mostly as snow during the winter. [2]
The soil there is frozen from 25 to 90 cm (10 to 35 in) down, making it impossible for trees to grow there. Instead, bare and sometimes rocky land can only support certain kinds of Arctic vegetation, low-growing plants such as moss, heath (Ericaceae varieties such as crowberry and black bearberry), and lichen. [6] [7]
Krummholz Pinus albicaulis in Wenatchee National Forest Wind-sculpted krummholz trees, Ona Beach, Oregon. Krummholz (German: krumm, "crooked, bent, twisted" and Holz, "wood") — also called knieholz ("knee timber") — is a type of stunted, deformed vegetation encountered in the subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, shaped by continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds.
Flora typical of the Alpine Region of the Alps. The Alps are one of the great mountain range systems of Europe stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries from Austria and Slovenia in the east, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, France to the west and Italy and Monaco to the south.
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