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The Clapper is a sound-activated electrical switch, [1] sold since 1984 by San Francisco, California based Joseph Enterprises, Inc. Joseph Pedott marketed the clapper with the slogan "Clap On! Clap Off! The Clapper!". [2] The Clapper plugs into a U.S.-type electrical outlet, and allows control of up to two devices plugged into the Clapper. [3]
The ideas of teaching machines and programmed learning provided the basis for later ideas such as open learning and computer-assisted instruction. Illustrations of early teaching machines can be found in the 1960 sourcebook, Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning. [12] An "Autotutor" was demonstrated at the 1964 World's Fair. [13]
Skinner, who was responsible for bringing the whole subject into popular view, acknowledged Pressey's work in his 1958 paper on teaching machines. [15] [16] Sidney was displeased by the “crass commercialization” of teaching machines. He objected to this use of teaching machines feeling they had a lack of questioning about basic theory.
The benefits of physical activity range widely. Most types of physical activity improve health and well-being. Physical activity refers to any body movement that burns calories. “Exercise,” a subcategory of physical activity, refers to planned, structured, and repetitive activities aimed at improving physical fitness and health. [1]
The concept of intelligent machines for instructional use date back as early as 1924, when Sidney Pressey of Ohio State University created a mechanical teaching machine to instruct students without a human teacher. [5] [6] His machine resembled closely a typewriter with several keys and a window that provided the learner with questions. The ...
An instructional simulation, also called an educational simulation, is a simulation of some type of reality (system or environment) but which also includes instructional elements that help a learner explore, navigate or obtain more information about that system or environment that cannot generally be acquired from mere experimentation.
The use of Virtual University allowed the researchers to identify the following key points: from its playfulness combined with video game technologies, the tool was able to motivate learners intrinsically; the simulation game also recreates learning situations extremely close to that of reality, especially considering the complexity, dynamism ...
The genre's roots can be found in game peripherals released in the eighties, including the Joyboard, [7] [8] an Atari 2600 peripheral developed by Amiga and released in 1982, the Power Pad (or Family Trainer) a peripheral for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), originally released by Bandai [9] in 1986, and the Foot Craz released for the Atari 2600 in 1987, [10] although all three had ...