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Penicillin is an antibiotic isolated from growing Penicillium mold in a fermenter. The mold is grown in a liquid culture containing sugar and other nutrients including a source of nitrogen . As the mold grows, it uses up the sugar and starts to make penicillin only after using up most of the nutrients for growth.
The principal commercial strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (the Peoria strain) produces penicillin G as the principal component when corn steep liquor is used as the culture medium. [8] When phenoxyethanol or phenoxyacetic acid are added to the culture medium, the mould produces penicillin V as the main penicillin instead.
The ability of these Penicillium species to grow on seeds and other stored foods depends on their propensity to thrive in low humidity and to colonize rapidly by aerial dispersion while the seeds are sufficiently moist. [10] Some species have a blue color, commonly growing on old bread and giving it a blue fuzzy texture.
Sample of penicillin mould presented by Alexander Fleming to Douglas Macleod in 1935. The discovery of penicillin was one of the most important scientific discoveries in the history of medicine. Ancient societies used moulds to treat infections and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by moulds.
Penicillium abidjanum [2] Penicillium adametzii [2] Penicillium adametzioides [2] Penicillium aeris [3] Penicillium aethiopicum [2] Penicillium albicans [2] Penicillium albidum [2] Penicillium albocoremium; Penicillium alexiae [4] Penicillium alfredii [5] Penicillium alicantinum [4] Penicillium allahabadense [6] Penicillium allii; Penicillium ...
In 1929, [6] a year after discovering penicillin, Alexander Fleming published a well-known paper in which he identified the mold Penicillium rubrum as the one responsible for creating the drug. Harold Raistrick succeeded in growing the organism on a simple culture medium, but could not isolate the penicillin produced by the mold when grown this ...
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The history of penicillin follows observations and discoveries of evidence of antibiotic activity of the mould Penicillium that led to the development of penicillins that became the first widely used antibiotics. Following the production of a relatively pure compound in 1942, penicillin was the first naturally-derived antibiotic.
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