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  2. Robert Bunsen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bunsen

    Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11] The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.

  3. History of spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_spectroscopy

    Spectroscope of Kirchhoff and Bunsen. The systematic attribution of spectra to chemical elements began in the 1860s with the work of German physicists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, [30] who found that Fraunhofer lines correspond to emission spectral lines observed in laboratory light sources. This laid way for spectrochemical analysis in ...

  4. Gustav Kirchhoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff

    [1] [2] He also coined the term black body in 1860. [3] Several different sets of concepts are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him, which include Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, and Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Kirchhoff and his colleague, Robert ...

  5. Flame test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

    In 1860, the unexpected appearance of sky-blue and dark red was observed in spectral emissions by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, leading to the discovery of two alkali metals, caesium and rubidium (dark red). [4] [1] Today, this low-cost method is used in secondary education to teach students to detect metals in samples qualitatively. [2]

  6. Fraunhofer lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines

    About 45 years later, Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen [7] noticed that several Fraunhofer lines coincide with characteristic emission lines identified in the spectra of heated chemical elements. [8] They inferred that dark lines in the solar spectrum are caused by absorption by chemical elements in the solar atmosphere. [9]

  7. Discovery of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements

    1860 R. Bunsen and R. Kirchhoff: 1882 C. Setterberg: Bunsen and Kirchhoff were the first to suggest finding new elements by spectrum analysis. They discovered caesium by its two blue emission lines in a sample of Dürkheim mineral water. [130] The pure metal was eventually isolated in 1882 by Setterberg. [131] 37 Rubidium: 1861 R. Bunsen and G ...

  8. List of German inventions and discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventions...

    c. 1855: Bunsen burner by Robert Bunsen and Peter Desaga [136] 1857: Siemens cycle by Carl Wilhelm Siemens [137] 1859: Pinacol coupling reaction by Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig [138] 1860–61: Discovery of caesium and rubidium by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff [139] 1860: Erlenmeyer flask by Emil Erlenmeyer [140]

  9. Timeline of respiratory therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_respiratory...

    1860: Bunsen and Kirchhoff invent the spectrometer. [1] 1860: Stokes and Hoppe-Seyler demonstrate the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin. [1] 1897: Gustav Killian performs the first bronchoscopy in Germany. 1899: Dr. Thomas Willis defines specific Asthma symptoms for diagnosis. [2]