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The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle. [1]: 171 It has been found that replication happens in a localised way in the cell nucleus. In the S phase of interphase of the cell cycle; replication takes place.
The nucleolus (/ nj uː ˈ k l iː ə l ə s, ˌ nj uː k l i ˈ oʊ l ə s /; pl.: nucleoli /-l aɪ /) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. [1] It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to ...
The cytoplasm contains the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments found in all cells, while the nucleoplasm is believed to contain the nuclear matrix, a hypothetically analogous network of filaments that organizes the organelles and genetic information within the nucleus. While the structure and function of the cytoskeleton have been well ...
Most important among these is a cell nucleus, [2] an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means "true kernel (nucleus)". Some of the other differences are: The plasma membrane resembles that of prokaryotes in function, with minor differences in the setup. Cell walls may or may not be present.
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, [1] [a] is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material. The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. [ 4 ]
The count of nuclear pore complexes varies across cell types and different stages of the cell's life cycle, with approximately 1,000 NPCs typically found in vertebrate cells. [12] The human nuclear pore complex (hNPC) is a substantial structure, with a molecular weight of 120 megadaltons (MDa). [ 13 ]
A diagram of an animal cell. Eukaryotic cells are composed of the following organelles: Nucleus: The nucleus of the cell functions as the genome and genetic information storage for the cell, containing all the DNA organized in the form of chromosomes.
The term was introduced by Rudolf von Kölliker in 1863, originally as a synonym for protoplasm, but later it has come to mean the cell substance and organelles outside the nucleus. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] There has been certain disagreement on the definition of cytoplasm, as some authors prefer to exclude from it some organelles, especially the vacuoles ...