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The Neurological Pupil index, or NPi, is an algorithm developed by NeurOptics, Inc., that removes subjectivity from the pupillary evaluation. A patient's pupil measurement (including variables such as size, latency, constriction velocity, dilation velocity, etc.) is obtained using a pupillometer, and the measurement is compared against a normative model of pupil reaction to light and ...
A manual pupillometer measures pupil size via a comparison chart method. There are several types of manual pupillometers. The most common type is the Haab scale, or Haab's pupillometer, which is a series of graduated filled circles on a slide ruler. [2]
The more difficult the task, the greater pupil diameter observed from the time preceding the solution [58] until the task was completed. [59] While these discoveries from the 1960s sparked renewed interest in the psychological significance of pupil size, research had substantially earlier identified the relationship between pupil size and effort.
The image of the pupil as seen from outside the eye is the entrance pupil, which does not exactly correspond to the location and size of the physical pupil because it is magnified by the cornea. On the inner edge lies a prominent structure, the collarette , marking the junction of the embryonic pupillary membrane covering the embryonic pupil.
The pupil of the human eye can range in size from 2 mm to over 8 mm to adapt to the environment The human eye can detect a luminance from 10 −6 cd/m 2 , or one millionth (0.000001) of a candela per square meter to 10 8 cd/m 2 or one hundred million (100,000,000) candelas per square meter.
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
By analogy with a camera, the pupil is equivalent to aperture, whereas the iris is equivalent to the diaphragm. It may be helpful to consider the Pupillary reflex as an 'Iris' reflex, as the iris sphincter and dilator muscles are what can be seen responding to ambient light. [2] Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris.
Web apps are used by a variety of online sellers of eyeglasses where an object of known size, such as a credit card, is needed to assist (size reference) the measurement process. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Some mobile apps have eliminated the need for a reference object to make accurate PD measurements by leveraging depth imaging and advanced algorithms now ...
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