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Suppose a certain apportionment method gives two agents , some , seats respectively, and then these two agents form a coalition, and the method is re-activated. An apportionment method always encourages coalitions if a coalition of two parties receives at least a i + a j {\displaystyle a_{i}+a_{j}} seats (in other words, it is split-proof - a ...
In situations where parties' total share of the vote varies randomly, the Hare quota is the unique unbiased quota for an electoral system based on vote-transfers or quotas. [1] However, if the quota is used in small constituencies with no electoral threshold , it is possible to manipulate the system by running several candidates on separate ...
Cell isolation is the process of separating individual living cells from a solid block of tissue or cell suspension. While some types of cell naturally exist in a separated form (for example blood cells ), other cell types that are found in solid tissue require specific techniques to separate them into individual cells.
Among dividing cells, there are multiple levels of cell potency, which is the cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. A greater potency indicates a larger number of cell types that can be derived. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent.
Individual cells are deflected by either a force directly on the cell or a force on the fluid surrounding the cells, so that they flow into separate output vessels. Methods of cell deflection employ several kinds of macroscopic, optical or MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) actuators to deflect a particle or liquid volume within a ...
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The characterization or the defining principle of progenitor cells, in order to separate them from others, is based on the different cell markers rather than their morphological appearance. [13] Satellite cells found in muscles. They play a major role in muscle cell differentiation and injury recoveries.