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The Industrial Revolution was followed by the phase of high industrialization during the German Empire. The (catch-up) Industrial Revolution in Germany differed from that of the pioneering country of Great Britain in that the key industries became not the textile industry but coal production, steel production and railroad construction.
The government played a powerful role in the industrialization of the German Empire founded by Otto von Bismarck in 1871 during a period known as the Second Industrial Revolution. It supported not only heavy industry but also crafts and trades because it wanted to maintain prosperity in all parts of the empire.
This is a timeline of German history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Germany and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Germany. See also the list of German monarchs and list of chancellors of Germany and the list of years in Germany
The German revolutions of 1848–1849 failed but the Industrial Revolution modernized the German economy, leading to rapid urban growth and the emergence of the socialist movement. Prussia, with its capital Berlin, grew in power. German universities became world-class centers for science and humanities, while music and art flourished.
The Crystal Palace Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, London, 1851 Early industrialisation in Germany, the city of Barmen in 1870. Painting by August von Wille. Aplerbecker Hütte, an industrialised area of Dortmund, Germany, c. 1910. The United Kingdom was the first country in the world to industrialise. [6]
A History of Modern Germany: vol 2: 1648–1840 (1961) Hughes, Michael. Early Modern Germany, 1477–1806 (1992). Lewis, Margaret Brannan. Infanticide and Abortion in Early Modern Germany (2016). Robisheaux, Thomas. Rural society and the search for order in early modern Germany (2002). Rowlands, Alison. "Witchcraft and old women in Early Modern ...
Industrialization in the 19th century, especially since the Gründerzeit and the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, brought with it increased urbanization in Germany, leading to a largely urbanized society. The following tables show historical population figures of German cities according to the respective area status.
The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England (1928, 1961) online edition; Mathias, Peter. The first industrial nation: The economic history of Britain 1700–1914 (Routledge, 2013) Price, Roger. An economic history of modern France, 1730–1914 (Macmillan, 1981)